15.0 Reference

15.0 Reference

• Rumah Bumbung Panjang Negeri Selangor

http://azidahali.blogspot.my/2010/03/rumah-bumbung-panjang-negeri-selangor.html

• MELAYU CONNER - Sejarah Rumah Melayu Tradisional

http://melayuconner.blogspot.my/2010/03/sejarah-rumah-melayu-tradisional.html

• Rumah-rumah tradisional Melayu

http://mforum.cari.com.my/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=148939

• Rumah-rumah Tradisional di Malaysia

http://elya-iz.blogspot.my/

• Wikipedia - Rumah Melayu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumah_Melayu

• MY GURU - KENALI WARISAN SENI BINA JOHOR

http://sambaltempe86.blogspot.my/2008/11/kenali-warisan-seni-bina-johor-rumah.html

• HITAM PUTIH - Rumah Tradisional Selangor

http://rusdi-hitamputih.blogspot.my/2010/03/rumah-tradisional-selangor.html

• TALKaboutART -  SENI BINA RUMAH MELAYU TRADISIONAL

http://bicarasenivisual.blogspot.my/2014/09/seni-bina-rumah-melayu-tradisional.html

• Warisan Seni Bina Melayu - Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Abdul Halim NAsir:1995: Warisan Seni Bina Melayu: UKM

• TITAS EDIT | zirah hazirah - Academia.edu

http://www.academia.edu/9793973/TITAS_EDIT

• Mohamad Tajuddin Mohd Rasdi:2004: Warisan Seni Bina Dunia Melayu Rumah Tradisi : UTM Skidai

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0ahUKEwiq6eD-oeTOAhVCpo8KHclFARkQFgghMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.utm.my%2F29827%2F&usg=AFQjCNF4MKiDOq-6w4IkYJojjE5j9J4CAw&sig2=rtr3bmW3eoYZpa7U0Z4Hng&cad=rja

• Abdul Halim Nasir: 1994: Rumah Melayu Tradisi, FajarBakti: KL

http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/31217485?versionId=37866963

• Philip Gibbs:1987: Building a Malay House: Oxford University: New York

http://waset.org/publications/5076/the-social-and-environmental-roles-of-verandah-in-tropical-houses

• Evolusi Seni Bina Balai Adat di Negeri Sembilan : Raja Nafida bt Raja Shahminah :1999: :UM

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0ahUKEwiDo-KWo-TOAhXKqI8KHSBnCOsQFggeMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fstudentsrepo.um.edu.my%2F1543%2F2%2FPENDAHULUAN.pdf&usg=AFQjCNGhmqvh_JthoJCw40JkD-XKH6tVHA&sig2=WH4Q-lFamTEMaXZ181yL5Q&cad=rja

14.0 Videos

 14.0 Videos

History Background of Malay House

An Overview of the Traditional Malay Houses

Malay House Construction

13.0 Conclusion

13.0 Conclusion

In conclusion, Malay architecture high cultural value needs to be preserved and developed for the younger generation so that they can understand and evaluate it better. It will be more meaningful if the public can evaluate the benefits of the arts and applied in the development of modern society.

Indeed, culture, art and literature in a country actually reflect the identity of the state and reflect the state of society. Therefore, the need for us to defend the artistic heritage is really needed to prevent it from being lost in time.

It is unfortunate if this matter continues to be taken care likely will happen one day we destroyed the heritage of the passage of time.

 People now should jointly work together to ensure Malay architecture is not extinct. Every effort has been made by all relevant parties, especially from the government should be supported by the people of this country in ensuring the survivality of the artistic heritage of the Malay community until now.

The younger generation needs to be educated to appreciate the intricacies of their nation's history and appreciate the legacy of this history so that they felt the calling to work together in the movement to save our heritage increasingly marginalized.

12.0 Carpentary Tools

12.0 Carpentary Tools

Ketam (wood plane)

Ketam (wood plane) has a relatively wide blade, can be changed and adapted to the wood surface. It is used for sanding wood or plywood surface. Some of the known type of ketam is ketam bunga, and ketam cuci. Ketam bunga also called ketam perapat or ketam jantan. This ketam is the longest. It is used for leveling and smoothing the edges of wood for tanggam temu (jjoined mortise) and tanggam pasak (mortise pegs date). There are various forms of ketam or komoi (Kedah’s accent). The ketam is used to make a variety of flower shapes on the frame, beautiful decorations on board and flowers by the wooden edges. The shape of the blade can give image of flowers to be generated. Ketam Cuci is used for sanding the ravine or gully. Smooth groove surface can produce a more streamlined and effective system of mortise.

Top of Form

Bottom of Form

Tali Sifat / Penarang (Kedah)

Tali Sifat is a type of marking tool.There are two parts to the tool, which are a thread spunning part and the black ink. It is used to mark a relatively long piece of wood. The trick is to pull the thread taut so that the inked thread hovered over the surface of the wood. A taut pulled up as high as 1 foot and discharged on the surface of the wood.

Gergaji

There are two types of commonly used saws which is Gergaji pemotong (cutting saws) and gergaji pembelah (splitting saws). Cutting saws used to cut wood horizontally while splitting saws used to cut wood lengthwise. For generating punch-through, gergaji bunga (flower saw) are used.

Penanda Kayu / Kutu-kutu

In addition to the tali sifat (marking thread), markers made from wood can also be used for the above purposes but it is quite difficult to use because the edges of the board must be smooth and straight. Wood base to be used need to be washed or planed properly so that it is flat and smooth before marked.

Pepatil / Rembas (Kedah)

Pepatil is a hoe-like tool used to smooth wood surfaces. It had eyes made of iron and has a handle made of the hardwood Halban.

11.0 Construction Materials

11.0 Construction Materials

Kayu (Wood)

Malay traditional houses are made of wood materials that can be found in the environment as well as forest areas. Wood is an element that is very convenient, because it has the properties inherent in establishing a framework for a good home.

Wood also has elastic properties or malleable elasticity that is useful in the process of construction of the house. The type of trees that is usually used in building a house are those like kayu mentaling [gelegar tiang (joists pillar) and bendul (sill)], serai [gelegar (joists), alang (overhead beams), rasuk (beam) and jejenang], merbau [tiang (columns), rasuk (beams) and tangga (stairs)], cengal [tiang (columns) and rasuk (beams)] , bakau kurap [tiang (columns), rasuk(beams), alang (overhead beams) and kasau (rafters)], bakau minyak [tiang (columns), rasuk (beams) and kasau (rafters)], lengadai [tiang (pole)] and Kulim [gulung-gulung (rolls), kasau (rafters), tunjuk langit and tulang bumbung (roof frame)]. For materials sourced bamboo is like buluh lentik (bamboo tapering) or buluh kasap (bamboo coarse) [lantai (floors), dinding (walls) and kasau betina (rafters)], buluh temi [lantai (floor) and dinding (wall)], buluh akar [lantai (floor) and dinding (wall)], buluh beting [tiang (columns), gelegar (joists), rasuk (beam) and bendul (girder)] and buluh minyak [lantai (floor), dinding (walls), gelegar (joists), kasau (rafters) and rasuk (beams)]. Other materials are as batang pinang, bayas, Rengas, Keruing, balau and so on.

Before such facilities today, in ancient times, the wood for building the house’s frame is difficult to obtain. Usually certain people, especially home builders, had to go into the woods for months to find a suitable tree. Looking for forest’s wood is a harder task than building a house because there are many risks and hindrance.

Because of that, those who were assigned to find wood are more than five people. This causes the process of the house takes a long time and many years to be prepared depending on the financial of those who want to own a home.

The reason for such a long time needed to build a house is not due to weakness or Malay house’s skilled artisans craftsmen. But is due to other factors such as long hours to find wood, the process of making home appliances as well as financial problems by the house.

Woods or house’s wood-frame such as columns, beams, joists, overhead beams and so on are soaked in the river until many months so that the wood is not easily eaten by bubuk or other insect pests. Therefore, the type of wood used must be of the types of wood that are good and hard.

Atap (Roof)

On the roof there is atap(roof) of building materials located on top of a house. There are various types of roofs are used as roof coverings such as atap cucuh, atap bertam, atap nipah, atap ijuk, atap rumbia, atap genting (tiles roofing), atap simen (cement roofing), atap zink (corrugated roofing) and atap kayu (wooden roofing).

Roofs of leafs like atap cucuh, atap rumbia (thatched roofing), atap nipah and atap bertam is the roof that originally used in traditional Malay houses and are still being used till now. Atap cucuh and kajang-shaped atap bertam awning which is greater than the atap cucuh.

Both roof contrasts with thatched roofs was aged between three to five years, in which the individuals leafs is still low and can be hacked easily.

The leaves of rumbia can be harvested by using a bamboo-made ladder. The process of making thatched roofs just like making atap nipah, it requires mengkawan roofing materials and rope for implies. Most of the time, these manufacturers are usually women, they are generally called 'pengatap'.

Men tasks are to harvest these materials in places such as in swamps, on the banks of the river and so on. The roof is made of capillary fibers of the nau or kabung trees, a type of tree that grows in the forest.

Bertam’s trees are of the same type of tree as cucuh trees, they generally found in bushes and forest.

The wooden roof is commonly used in king palace or any with high enough importance, especially in Kelantan and Terengganu. Zinc roof was first introduced in peninsular Malaysia about the 19th century by outside influences.

In the years 1900 to 1941, is one of the proudest moments to be one of the Malays if they use corrugated zinc roofing for their houses. In Kelantan and Terengganu, roof tiles made of clay especially genting singgora has long been used. Until now this type of roof is still used in old homes that are on the mainland.

10.0 Structural Design

10.0 Structural Design

A custom window of a common Malay house are designed with sloping wooden panels that can be adjusted for ventilation.

Incorporated traditional wooden house principals related design in contemporary architecture such as shading and ventilation, qualities present in the basic characteristics of the house. Although Malay house has a diversity of styles in each country, region and sub-ethnic groups, there is a common style and a shared similarities between them:

- Built on stilts

- Has the stairs

- Room Divided

- Vernacular roof

- Decorated with ornaments

Panggung

Most Malay houses built as Rumah Panggung. The main feature of thecommon 'village' house is Malay customs stilts or piles. This is to avoid wild animals and flooding, to deter thieves, and for added ventilation. In Sumatra, the traditional houses designed to prevent dangerous wild animals, such as snakes and tigers. While in the area, which is close to the major rivers of Sumatra and Borneo, poles help to house high above the flood level. In parts of Sabah, the number of buffalo dowry can also depend on the number of poles are on the bride's family home.

Tangga (Stair)

Malay traditional houses need a ladder to reach high into the interior. Usually the house is connected to the ground from the porch (the porch or verandah). Additional steps may be found in the backyard. Stairs can be made of wood or brick structure covered with tile. For example, in Melaka and Riau stairs constantly shaped as colorful tiled decoration.

Bilik (Room)

The interior is divided to create such a portico (porch), living room, and bedroom. A traditional Malay wooden house are usually seperated in two parts: the main house, known as Rumah Ibu in honor of mothers, and home kitchen or kitchen annex, which was separated from the main house for fire protection. Rumah Ibu named after spacings between poles is said to usually follow a wide-spread arms of his wife and mother in the family home when being built. At least one raised veranda (porch) attached to the house to work or relax sit, or where regular visitors will not be entertained, thus preserving the privacy of the interior.

Bumbung (Roof)

Traditional Malay house roof is designed to provide shade and protection from the heat and rain, and also to provide ventilation. The basic design is the roof of the house Malay bumbung bertebar layar, the long with decorations on the edge of the roof. Malay vernacular roof is most suitable for the tropical climate that is hot and humid all year round. Bumbung bertebar layar examples can be found in the design of homes Lipat Kajang. However, pitched pyramid style roof can also be found in homes such as Palembang Rumah Limas.

In Riau and Jambi there are several different styles, especially the design of the roof. Lancang house or home Lontik was curved like a boat with a roof structure on stilts. The design is somehow similar to Minang Rumah Gadang. Lipat Kajang house has a flat roof structure with cross edge to form an "x" in the corner of the roof peak. Larger structure with a roof across the same corner called Rumah Limas. This type of roof and the structure of the palace is often used in the Malay rulers and government buildings. Limas house is also known as the traditional home of South Sumatra and West Java language, even if they have the same "Limas house" name, has a slightly different design. Modern buildings of government and the public often based on Malays design style roof, such as government buildings in Riau and Jambi, as well as the design of the roof of the National Museum in Kuala Lumpur.

Hiasan (Decoration)

Each of the Malay region, country or sub-regional or ethnic group has its own style of home with the details of the options. However, most homes typical Malay décor roof, which crosses the edge of the roof structure to form an "x" as decoration on the roof top. This type of decoration can be found in Lontik, Limas style and Lipat Kajang. On the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, many houses have gable end roof distinctive carving board similar to those in Thailand and Cambodia.